Spinal Infections and Trauma

Spinal infections and traumatic spinal injuries are serious conditions that can affect the vertebrae, intervertebral discs and surrounding neurological structures. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications.

Spinal Infections

Spinal infections include conditions such as spondylitis, discitis, spondylodiscitis and spinal epidural abscess. These infections are caused by a range of microorganisms, with bacterial infections being the most common.

In many cases, infection reaches the spine through the bloodstream and settles within the vertebrae or disc spaces. Spinal infection may also occur following spinal surgery.

Risk Factors for Spinal Infection

Certain groups of patients are at higher risk of developing spinal infections, including:

  • Smokers
  • Patients with malnutrition
  • Individuals with conditions affecting the immune system, including those undergoing chemotherapy or transplant recipients
  • Patients with diabetes
  • People who misuse intravenous drugs
  • Patients who have undergone urinary tract procedures

Symptoms of Spinal Infection

The most significant symptom of spinal infection is severe back pain that develops without a history of trauma. As a result, diagnosis may be delayed, particularly in the early stages.

Other symptoms may include:

  • Fever, fatigue and general malaise
  • Headache or neck stiffness
  • Swelling, redness, tenderness or discharge at a surgical wound site
  • Localised spinal pain and sensitivity

As the infection progresses, neurological symptoms may develop, including numbness in the arms or legs, loss of sensation and muscle weakness. If left untreated, advanced cases may lead to bladder or bowel dysfunction and, in severe cases, paralysis.

Spinal Trauma

Spinal trauma refers to injury to the spine caused by external force, such as a road traffic accident, fall or sporting injury. Trauma can result in fractures, ligament injury or damage to the spinal cord or nerves.

Symptoms of spinal trauma vary depending on the severity and location of the injury and may include severe back pain, deformity, neurological symptoms or loss of movement and sensation. Prompt assessment is essential to ensure spinal stability and to protect neurological function.

Assessment by a Spine Surgeon in Nottingham is important to accurately diagnose spinal infections and traumatic injuries and to guide timely medical or surgical treatment.